TBAT Biology Special Test 4

1. 1

   A patient experiences a hypotonic fluid loss (e.g., through excessive sweating without water replacement). According to the body fluid compartment principles, what is the primary effect on the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) volumes and osmolarities?

2. 2

   During Phase 2 (the plateau phase) of a ventricular cardiomyocyte action potential, which of the following ion channel dynamics is primarily responsible for sustaining the depolarized state?

   Action _ potential2.svg: *Action _ potential.png: User:Quasar derivative work: Mnokel (talk) derivative work: Silvia3, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

3. 3

   What is the ionic mechanism responsible for the spontaneous diastolic depolarization (Phase 4) in sinoatrial (SA) nodal pacemaker cells?

   From Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts, Richard E. Klabunde, PhD.

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